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HOWARD, THOMAS, 2ND EARL OF ARUNDEL, only son of Philip Howard, 1st Earl of Arundel (attainted 1589), and Hon. Anne Dacre, dau. of Thomas Dacre, 5th Baron Dacre of Gillesland; b. 7 July 1586; at school under Camden (Lloyd, Memoirs, 1677, 284; Mary F. S. Hervey, Life and Correspondence and Collections of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, 1921, 15); said to have gone to Trinity Coll. Cambridge, but there is no record of his admission; restored to father’s titles of Earl of Arundel and Surrey 6 Jul 1603, and restored in blood 18 Apr 1604; introduced at court 1605; Lord Lieutenant, Sussex 1608; travelled on European continent 1609-10, acquiring an appreciation of art; installed KG 13 May 1611; Lord Lieutenant, Norfolk 18 Apr 1615; conformed to Church of England 25 Dec 1615, having previously been a Roman Catholic; Privy Councillor 16 Jul 1616; presided over committee of House of Lords in Bacon’s case Apr 1621; one of joint Commissioners of Great Seal 3 May – 10 Jul 1621; Earl Marshal of England from 29 Aug 1621; owing to his son’s clandestine marriage with Lady Elizabeth Stuart and his undisguised hostility to Duke of Buckingham, Arundel incurred displeasure of Charles I and was twice placed under restraint; restored to Privy Council in 1628 after reconciliation with King; Justice in Eyre, North of Trent, from 25 Feb 1634; sent on unsuccessful mission to Emperor Apr-Sep 1636 to urge the return of the Palatinate to the King’s nephew; General in command of army against Scots 1638; Lord Lieutenant, Cumberland 1639; Lord Steward of Household 12 Apr 1640 – Aug 1641, resigned; presided as Lord High Steward in trial of Earl of Strafford spring 1641; left England Feb 1642 and went abroad, settling in Padua, Italy; while abroad said to have contributed no less than £54, 000 to Royalist cause; his personal estate was sequestrated by Parliament; created Earl of Norfolk 6 Jun 1644; the first Englishman to form a large collection of works of art and was described by Horace Walpole as “the father of vertu in England”; the bulk of his collection of classical sculpture (the “Arundel Marbles”) was presented by his grandson to Oxford University in 1667; m. Sep 1606 Lady Aletheia Talbot, third dau. of Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury; d. at Padua 24 Sep 1646. DNB.

HOWE, RICHARD, 1ST EARL HOWE, brother of George Augustus Howe, 3rd Viscount Howe (I) (qv); b. 8 Mar 1725/6; adm. Nov 1732; left 1733; went to Eton Coll.; entered Royal Navy on board HMS Pearl 16 Jul 1739; sailed in HMS Severn as far as Cape Horn with Anson 1740; present at attack on La Guaira 18 Feb 1742/3; Lieut., 8 Aug 1745; severely wounded in action with French frigates off west coast of Scotland 1 May 1746; Post Capt., 10 Apr 1746; his capture of the French ship Alcide off the mouth of the St. Lawrence river on 8 Jun 1755 was the beginning of the Seven Years’ War with France; commanded attack on Cherbourg 5 May 1759; distinguished himself at battle of Quiberon Bay 20 Nov 1759; Rear Adm., 18 Nov 1770; Vice-Adm., 7 Dec 1775; Commander-in-Chief, North American Station Feb 1776; co-operated with his brother Sir William Howe against the American colonists, but resigned command 1778 and remained out of employment until fall of North ministry in early 1782; Commander-in-Chief, Channel Fleet 2 Apr 1782; Adm., 8 Apr 1782; relieved Gibraltar against French and Spanish fleets Oct 1784 (check); Vice-Admiral of England May 1792 – Mar 1796; won brilliant victory of 1 Jun 1794 in command Channel Fleet, capturing seven French ships; Admiral of the Fleet and General of the Marines 12 Mar 1796; presided over court martial of Vice-Adm. Cornwallis Apr 1796; pacified mutineers at Portsmouth May 1797; MP Dartmouth 23 May 1757 – 20 Apr 1782; succeeded brother as 4th Viscount Howe (I) 6 Jul 1758; a Lord of the Admiralty Apr 1763 – Aug 1765; Privy Councillor 26 Jul 1765; Treasurer of the Navy 9 Aug 1765 – Mar 1770; created Viscount Howe (GB) 2 [check] Apr 1782; First Lord of Admiralty Jan – Apr 1783, Dec 1783 – Jul 1788; attacked in parliament and in print for his reductions and reforms; created Earl Howe 19 Aug 1788; received freedom of City of London 6 May 1796; KG 2 Jun 1797; the signalling code was perfected and refined by him; DL Nottinghamshire 1762, Derbyshire 1763; m. 10 Mar 1758 Mary, dau. of Chiverton Hartop, Welby, Leics.; d. 5 Aug 1799. Monument by Flaxman in St. Paul’s cathedral. DNB.

HURST, SIR CECIL JAMES BARRINGTON, third son of Robert Henry Hurst (adm. 1831, qv); b. 28 Oct 1870; adm. 26 Jan 1883 ( R); left Jul 1888; Trinity Coll. Cambridge (with Triplett), adm. pens. 21 May 1888, matr. Mich. 1888; 2nd cl. Law Tripos pt. i, 1891, 1st cl. Law Tripos pt. ii, 1892; LLB 1892; LLM 1896; hon. LLD 1928; adm. Middle Temple 9 Oct 1890, called to bar 17 Nov 1893, KC 1913, Bencher 1922, Treasurer 1940 ; South-Eastern Circuit; Junior Counsel to Post Office on S. E. Circuit 1901-2; Assistant Legal Adviser, Foreign Office 1 Apr 1902-18, Legal Adviser Aug 1918-29; Legal Secretary to British Plenipotentiaries at Second Peace Conference, The Hague 1 May 1907; largely responsible for the general drafting of the Peace Treaty of 1919; member, Permanent Court of International Justice, The Hague 1929-45, President 1934-7; President, United Nations War Crimes Commission 1943-5; CB 9 Nov 1907; KCB 5 Jun 1920; KCMG 7 Nov 1924; GCMG 1 Jan 1926; hon LLD Edinburgh; editor, British Yearbook of International Law, 1919-; Busby Trustee 19 May 1925; of Rusper Nunnery, Horsham, Sussex; JP Sussex 1931; m. 21 Dec 1901 Sibyl Gabriel Lumley, elder dau. of His Hon. Sir Lumley Smith KC, Cadogan Square, Chelsea, Judge of City of London Court; d. 1963.

IMPEY, SIR ELIJAH, brother of Michael Impey (adm. 1730, qv); b. 13 Jun 1732; adm. Sep 1740; KS 1747; Capt. of the School 1751; Trinity Coll. Cambridge, adm. pens. 28 Jan 1752, scholar 24 Apr 1752, matr. Easter 1754; Chancellor’s Second Medal 1756; BA 1756; MA 1759; Minor Fellow, Trinity Coll. 3 Oct 1757, Major Fellow 4 Jul 1759; adm. Lincoln’s Inn 8 Nov 1751, called to bar 23 Nov 1756; Western Circuit; Recorder of Basingstoke 11 Apr 1766-73; adm. Inner Temple 20 Nov 1766, tenant chambers there 21 Nov 1766 – 16 Jun 1768; Counsel for East India Company before House of Commons 1772; Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Bengal 22 Mar 1774 – 1 Nov 1787; knighted 30 Mar 1774; confirmed committal of Nuncomar for forgery and sentenced him to death 1775; ruled that Warren Hastings (qv) had not resigned the post of Governor-General 1777; his judicial powers were restricted by a compromise between Hastings and Philip Francis 1779; President of new Appeal Court (Sadar Diwani Adalat) over local tribunals 1780-2; recalled to defend himself against charges of illegality brought by Francis 1783; defended himself successfully against six charges at bar of House of Commons 1788, including the proceedings against Nuncomar and the exercise of extended judicial powers contrary to his patent; MP New Romney 1790-6; his biography was written by his son, Elijah Barwell Impey (qv), and published in 1846; m. 18 Jan 1768 Mary, dau. of Sir John Reade, Bart., Shipton Court, Oxfordshire; d. 1 Oct 1809. DNB.

JEFFREYS, GEORGE, 1ST BARON JEFFREYS OF WEM, sixth son of John Jeffreys, Acton, near Wrexham, Denbighshire, and Margaret, dau. of Sir Thomas Ireland, Kt, Beausay, near Warrington, Lancs.; b. 1648; at Shrewsbury Sch., adm. 1654, aged 10 (sic), and then at St. Paul’s Sch.; adm. 1661 (Howell, State Trials, x, 299); Trinity Coll. Cambridge, adm. pens. 15 Mar 1662/3; adm. Inner Temple 19 May 1663, called to bar 22 Nov 1668, Bencher Jan 1678; Common Serjeant, City of London 17 Mar 1671; knighted 14 Sep 1677; Recorder of London 22 Oct 1678 – 2 Dec 1680, when he resigned after being reprimanded at bar of House of Commons for obstructing petitions for the assembly of Parliament; Solicitor-Gen. to Duke of York Jan 1679; Chief Justice of Chester 27 Apr 1680-3; Serjeant-at-Law 12 May 1680; created baronet 17 Nov 1681; active in obtaining the “quo warranto” against the City and in the prosecution of Lord Russell; Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench 29 Sep 1683 – Sep 1685; Privy Councillor 4 Oct 1683; presided at trials of Algernon Sidney and Titus Oates; created Baron Jeffreys of Wem 15 May 1685; held the “bloody assize” in the West of England after the suppression of Monmouth’s rebellion; Lord Chancellor 28 Sep 1685 – 8 Dec 1688; chief of the commission for inspecting ecclesiastical affairs 1686; one of the seven Privy Councillors who regulated the municipal corporations 1687; Lord Lieut., Shropshire, from 11 Aug 1687; Lord Lieut., Buckinghamshire 12 Nov 1687 – 4 Apr 1689; a member of the council of five lords in the absence of James II from London; arrested in disguise at Wapping Dec 1688 and conveyed to Tower of London; in Jan 1687 he gave £12 to the Dean and Chapter “for the education of two poore schollers at the Schoole in Westminster”; m. 1st, 23 May 1667 Sarah, dau. of Rev. Thomas Neesham, Rector of Stoke D’Abernon, Surrey; m. 2nd, Jun 1679 Ann, widow of Sir John Jones, Kt, Fonmon, Glamorgan, and dau. of Sir Thomas Bludworth, Kt, Lord Mayor of London; d. while a prisoner in Tower of London, 18 Apr 1689. DNB.

JONSON, BENJAMIN (better known as JONSON, BEN); b. probably in Westminster 1573; at school under Grant, his school expenses being paid by William Camden, then Second Master; escaped from his trade as a bricklayer to join English army in Flanders; on return to England began to work for the stage, and in 1597 was both “player” and “playwright” in the Admiral’s Company; briefly imprisoned in 1598 for killing a fellow actor in a brawl or duel; his first extant comedy, Every Man in his Humour, was performed in 1598 at the Globe Theatre by the Lord Chamberlain’s Company, with Shakespeare in the cast; his first extant tragedy, Sejanus, was performed in 1603 at the Globe Theatre by Shakespeare’s company; The Masque of Blackness, the first of his long series of Court Masques, was performed at Whitehall on Twelfth Night 1605; MA Oxford 19 Jul 1619, receiving degree when on a visit to his friend Richard Corbet (qv); although he states himself that he was MA of both Universities, no record of a Cambridge degree has been found; Chronologer to the City of London, 1628; his works have been edited by W. Gifford, 1816, and Lieut. -Col. Cunningham, 1875; d. 6 Aug 1637. Buried North Aisle of Nave, Westminster Abbey, memorial in Poets’ Corner. DNB.

KEPPEL, AUGUSTUS, 1ST VISCOUNT KEPPEL, brother of George Keppel, 3rd Earl of Albemarle (qv); b. 25 Apr 1725; adm. May 1733; left 1735; entered Royal Navy 1735, joining HMS Oxford; served under Anson in HMS Centurion during his voyage round the world; Lieut., 25 Jul 1744; Cdr., 7 Nov 1744; Post Capt., 11 Dec 1744; on special mission to Dey of Algiers 1748-51; Commander-in-Chief, North American station 1754-5; commaned squadron sent to Goree 1758; took part in battle of Quiberon Bay 1759; commanded squadron off Belleisle 1761; Rear-Adm., 21 Oct 1762; second-in-command of expedition against Havana 1762; Vice-Adm., 24 Oct 1770; Adm., 29 Apr 1778; Commander-in-Chief, Grand Fleet 22 Mar 1778; court-martialled for his conduct of operations off Brest 1779, but the charge was found “malicious and ill-founded” and Keppel became the hero of the day; received freedom, City of London 11 Dec 1779; MP Chichester 15 Jan 1755-61, Windsor 1761-80, Surrey 1780 – 27 Apr 1782; a Colonel of Marines 1760-2; Groom of the Bedchamber 17 Feb 1761 – Dec 1766; a Lord of the Admiralty 21 Dec 1765 – Dec 1766; First Lord of the Admiralty 30 Mar 1782 – Jan 1783, 8 Apr – Dec 1783; Privy Councillor 30 Mar 1782; created Viscount Keppel 27 Apr 1782; d. unm. 3 Oct 1786. DNB.

LONGLEY, CHARLES THOMAS, sixteenth child of John Longley, Boley Hill, Rochester, Kent, barrister, Recorder of Rochester and Magistrate, Thames Police Court, and Elizabeth, dau. of Thomas Bond, Battersea Rise, Surrey; b. 28 Jul 1794; adm. Christmas 1807 (G); KS (Capt. ) 1808; elected to Christ Church, Oxford 1812, matr. 9 May 1812, Westminster Student, Tutor and Censor 1825-8; 1st cl. Classics 1815; BA 1815; MA 1818; BD and DD 1829; Examiner, Classical Schools 1825, 1826; Proctor 1827; Whitehall Preacher 1829; ordained deacon 1818, priest 1819 (both Oxford); Vicar of Cowley, Oxfordshire 1 Nov 1823; Rector of West Tytherley, Hampshire 30 Aug 1827; Head Master, Harrow Sch., Easter 1829 – Easter 1836; consecrated Bishop of Ripon 6 Nov 1836; the first to hold this see; translated to Durham 13 Oct 1856; Archbishop of York 1 Jun 1860 – Oct 1862; Privy Councillor 9 Jun 1860; Archbishop of Canterbury from 20 Oct 1862; presided over Pan-Anglican Synod 1867; FSA 24 Nov 1831; Busby Trustee 27 Jun 1848; m. 15 Dec 1831 Hon. Caroline Sophia Parnell, dau. of Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton PC, politician and economist; d. 27 Oct 1868. DNB.

LOWTHER, WILLIAM, 1ST EARL OF LONSDALE, eldest son of Rev. Sir William Lowther, Bart., Rector of Swillington, Yorks., and Anne, eldest dau. of Rev. Charles Zouch, Vicar of Sandal, Yorks.; b. 29 Dec 1757; at Felsted Sch. 1769-71; adm. 26 Mar 1771; Trinity Coll. Cambridge, adm. fellow commoner 25 Jan 1776, matr. 1776; MP Carlisle 1780-4, Cumberland 1784-90, Rutland 1796-1802; succ. father as 2nd baronet 15 Jun 1788; Ensign, 80th Foot 17 May 1794; Brevet Lieut. -Col., 1 Jan 1800; succ. cousin as 2nd Viscount Lowther 24 May 1802; Col., Royal Cumberland Militia 24 May 1802 – still 1820; Lord Lieut., Cumberland and Westmorland, from 26 Jun 1802; created Earl of Lonsdale 7 Apr 1807; KG 18 Jul 1807; a patron of the fine arts; Wordsworth dedicated his poem The Excursion to him in Jul 1814; DL Yorkshire West Riding 1796, Rutland 1797; FSA (by 1831); m. 12 Jul 1781 Lady Augusta Fane, dau. of John Fane, 9th Earl of Westmorland (qv), and his first wife; d. 19 Mar 1844. DNB (s. v. William Lowther, 2nd Earl of Lonsdale).