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FREIND, JOHN, third son of William Freind (elected to Oxford 1656, qv); b.; adm.; KS 1691; elected to Christ Church, Oxford 1694, matr. 7 Jul 1694, aged 17, Westminster Student 29 Dec 1694- Apr 1708, Faculty Student 19 Apr 1708 - void on marriage Dec 1709, Tutor 1700-4; BA 1698; MA 1701; MB 1703; MD (by diploma) 12 Jun 1707; delivered a course of lectures on chemistry at Ashmolean Museum 1704; Physician to Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough (qv) when commanding English forces in Spain 1705; travelling in Italy 1706-7; accompanied Duke of Ormonde to Flanders as his physician 1712; Physician-General to Army (Ireland) 1713; MRCP 1713, FRCP 1716, Gulstonian Lecturer 1718, Harveian Orator 1720; MP Launceston 1722 - 17 Mar 1723/4, 29 Mar 1725-7; implicated with Francis Atterbury (KS 1674, qv) in plot for Jacobite restoration, and committed to Tower of London on charge of high treason Mar 1722/3, but released after three months’ imprisonment; Physician to Queen Caroline from 25 Oct 1727; FRS 20 Mar 1711/2; author, The History of Physick, 1725-6, and of other publications; gave £50 towards the building of College Dormitory; m. 3 Dec 1709 Anne, sister of William Morice (qv); d. 26 Jul 1728. Monument in South Aisle, Westminster Abbey. DNB.

GIBBON, EDWARD, only son of Edward Gibbon (qv), and his first wife; b. 27 Apr 1737; adm. Jan 1747/8 (Porten's); left Aug 1750, on account of ill-health; Magdalen Coll. Oxford, adm. fellow commoner 3 Apr 1752; received into Roman Catholic church 8 Jun 1752, but returned to Protestantism at Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1753; became attached to Susanne Curchod (afterwards Mme Necker), but at his father’s wish the engagement was broken off; adm. to Academy, Lausanne 1 Dec 1756; officer in Hampshire Militia 12 Jun 1759-70; author, Essai sur l’Etude de la Litterature, 1761; met John Baker Holroyd (afterwards Lord Sheffield) at Lausanne 1764; in Italy 1764-5; the idea of writing on the decline and fall of the Roman Empire first occurred to him when in Rome on 15 Oct 1764; author, Mémoires Littéraires de la Grande Bretagne, 1767-8, jointly with his Swiss friend Deyverdun; author, Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of the Aeneid, 1770, attacking Warburton; settled in London 1772; elected to The Club 1774; MP Liskeard 1774-80, Lymington 25 Jun 1781-4; a Commissioner for Trade and Foreign Plantations 6 Jul 1779 - Jun 1782; Professor of Ancient History, Royal Academy, from 1787; FSA 20 Nov 1788, FRS 27 Nov 1788; author, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 1776-87, 4 vols.; defended the chapters on Christianity in a Vindication, 1779; retired to Lausanne 1783; his Miscellaneous Works, edited by his friend Lord Sheffield, and including his Memoirs of My Life and Writings, were published in 1796; d. unm. 16 Jan 1794. DNB.

MONTAGU, CHARLES, 1ST EARL OF HALIFAX, fourth son of Hon. George Montagu MP, Horton, Northants, and Elizabeth, dau. of Sir Anthony Irby, Kt, Boston, Lincs.; b. 16 Apr 1661; adm. 1675; KS (Capt. ) 1677; Trinity Coll. Cambridge, adm. fellow commoner 8 Nov 1679; MA 1682; LLD 1705; Fellow, Trinity Coll. 1683 – c. 1689; High Steward, Cambridge Univ., from 1697; wrote with Matthew Prior (qv) The Hind and the Panther transvers’d to the story of the Country Mouse and the City Mouse, 1687; MP Maldon 1689-95, Westminster 1695 – 13 Dec 1700; a Clerk of the Privy Council 1689-92; a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury 21 Mar 1692 – Apr 1698; his proposal of 15 Dec 1692 to raise a million pounds by life annuities was the origin of the National Debt; his bill to establish the Bank of England became law 1694; Chancellor of the Exchequer 30 Apr 1694 – May 1699; Privy Councillor 10 May 1694; introduced the Recoinage Bill, and instituted the Window Tax to pay for the expense of the recoinage; issued the first Exchequer Bills and carried his bill for the formation of a consolidated fund to meet interest on the various government loans; First Lord of the Treasury 1 May 1697 – Nov 1699; Auditor of the Receipt of Exchequer 17 Nov 1699 – 30 Sep 1714; created Baron Halifax 13 Dec 1700; impeached by the House of Lords for obtaining grants from the King in the names of others for himself, and for his share in the Partition Treaty, but the impeachment was dismissed for want of prosecution 24 Jun 1701; charged by House of Commons for neglect of his duties as Auditor of the Exchequer, but his conduct as such was unanimously approved by the House of Lords 1703; successfully moved the rejection of the Occasional Conformity Bill 14 Dec 1703; a Commissioner for negotiating the Union with Scotland 10 Apr 1706; acted as one of the Lords Justices from Queen Anne’s death until the arrival of George I; First Lord of the Treasury from 11 Oct 1714; KG 16 Oct 1714; created Earl of Halifax 19 Oct 1714; Lord Lieutenant, Surrey, from 24 Dec 1714; a great parliamentary orator and brilliant financier; the lifelong friend of Sir Isaac Newton and a munificent patron of literature; FRS 30 Nov 1695, President 30 Nov 1695 – 30 Nov 1698; his collected poems were published in 1715; [? m. 1st, 3 Sep 1685 Elisabeth, dau. of Francis Forster, South Bailey, Durham]; m. Feb 1688 Anne, widow of his cousin Robert Montagu, 3rd Earl of Manchester, and dau. of Sir Christopher Yelverton, Bart.; d. 19 May 1715. Buried in Duke of Albemarle’s vault, Henry VII’s Chapel, Westminster Abbey. DNB.

HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM, brother of Archibald Hamilton (adm. 1737, qv); b. 13 Dec 1730; adm. Jan 1739/40 (Heath's); left 1746; Ensign, 3rd Foot Guards 27 Jan 1747; Lieut. and Capt., 8 Jun 1753; retd. 1757; Equerry to George III 1760 – 7 Nov 1782; MP Midhurst Mar 1761 – Aug 1764; Envoy Extraordinary at Naples 1764-7, Minister Plenipotentiary there 1767- Apr 1800; KB 15 Jan 1772; Privy Councillor 8 Jun 1791; sold a collection of Greek vases and antiquities to British Museum 1772, and another collection to Thomas Hope of Deepdene 1801; purchased the Warwick Vase from Gavin Hamilton and the Portland Vase from James Byres; entertained Nelson at Naples after the Battle of the Nile 1798; accompanied the Neapolitan Court to Palermo Dec 1798; FRS 6 Nov 1766, Copley Medal 1770; FSA 6 Feb 1772; Society of Dilettanti 1777; DCL Oxford 30 Jul 1802; author, Campi Phlegraei, 1776; m. 1st, 25 Jan 1758 Catherine, eldest dau. of Hugh Barlow, Lawrenny Hall, Pembs.; m. 2nd, 6 Sep 1791 Emma Hart (DNB), dau. of Henry Lyon, Neston, Cheshire, blacksmith; d. 6 Apr 1803. DNB.

HAMMOND, JAMES, brother of Thomas Hammond (at school under Freind, qv); b. 22 May 1710; adm. Jun 1722; in under school list 1724; adm. Middle Temple 14 Jan 1723/4; attached to Earl of Chesterfield’s mission to The Hague c. 1728 – c. 1732; Equerry to Frederick, Prince of Wales, from 22 Apr 1738; MP Truro from 1741; author, Love Elegies, 1743; d. 7 Jun 1742. DNB.

HANMER, SIR THOMAS, BART., only surviving son of William Hanmer, Bettisfield, Flints., and Peregrina, dau. of Sir Henry North, Bart.; b. 24 Sep 1677; at school under Busby (Sir H. E. Bunbury, Bart, ed., The Correspondence of Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart., 1838, 5); Christ Church, Oxford, matr. 17 Oct 1693; LLD Cambridge 16 Apr 1705; succ. uncle as 4th baronet 1701; MP Thetford 19 Mar 1700/1-2, Flintshire 1702-5, Thetford 1705-8, Suffolk 1708-27; Chairman of the Committee which drew up the “Representation” 1712; travelling in Italy 1713; Speaker, House of Commons 16 Feb 1713/4 – 5 Jan 1714/5; editor of an edition of Shakespeare’s plays, 6 vols, 1743-4; m. 1st, Oct 1698 Isabella, Duchess of Grafton, widow of Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Grafton KG, and dau. of Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington (qv); m. 2nd, 1725 Elizabeth, only dau. of Thomas Folkes, Barton, Suffolk; d. 7 May 1746. DNB.

HERVEY, JOHN, 2nd BARON HERVEY OF ICKWORTH, eldest son of John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, and his second wife Elizabeth, only dau. of Sir Thomas Felton, Bart. MP; b. 15 Oct 1696; adm. 28 Jan 1711/2; left Jul 1713; Clare Hall, Cambridge, adm. 20 Nov 1713, matr. 1714; MA 1715; styled Lord Hervey from 1723; MP Bury St. Edmunds 2 Apr 1725 – 11 Jun 1733; travelling in Italy for health in 1728-9; Vice-Chamberlain of the Household 7 May 1730 – Apr 1740; Privy Councillor 8 May 1730; having initially been a follower in politics of Frederick, Prince of Wales, he subsequently became a supporter of Sir Robert Walpole and a trusted confidant of Queen Caroline; fought a duel with William Pulteney (qv) in the “Upper St. James’s Park” 25 Jan 1730/1; created Baron Hervey of Ickworth 11 Jun 1733; Lord Privy Seal 1 May 1740 – Jul 1742; one of the Lord Justices of the Realm May 1741; author, Memoirs of the Reign of George II, first published from his manuscript in 1848, and of other political pamphlets; the expenses of his “schooling” at Westminster, and of that of his three brothers, are recorded in the Diary of John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, 1894; m. 21 Apr 1720 Mary, Maid of Honour to Caroline, Princess of Wales, dau. of Brig. -Gen. Nicholas Lepell, Groom of the Bedchamber to George, Prince of Denmark; d. 5 Aug 1743. DNB.

HERVEY, HON. THOMAS, brother of John Hervey, 1st Baron Hervey of Ickworth (qv); b. 20 Jan 1698/9; adm. 17 Jan 1711/2; left 25 Mar 1717 (Diary of John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, 1894); Christ Church, Oxford, matr. 10 May 1717; adm. Lincoln’s Inn 16 Feb 1719/20; MP Bury St. Edmunds 29 Jun 1733-47; Equerry to Queen Caroline 6 Nov 1727 – Jul 1736; Superintendent of the King’s Gardens 23 May 1738-60; eloped about 1730 with the second wife of Sir Thomas Hanmer, Bart. (qv); author of several eccentric pamphlets mainly about his own grievances; m. Aug 1745 Anne, dau. of Francis Coghlan, barrister (I); d. 16 Jan 1775. DNB.

HILL, SIR RICHARD, BART., eldest son of Sir Rowland Hill, Bart., MP, is first wife Jane, dau. of Sir Brian Broughton, Bart., MP; b. 6 Jun 1732; adm. Shrewsbury Sch. 1742; adm. Jun 1744 (Stephens'); left 1750; Magdalen Coll. Oxford, matr. 8 Dec 1750; MA 2 Jul 1754; Grand Tour (Italy) 1756-7; a champion of George Whitefield and the Calvinistic Methodists 1757; attacked Oxford Univ. for expelling Methodist undergraduates 1768; defended Calvinism against criticisms by John Wesley and Fletcher of Madeley 1770; MP Shropshire 1780-1806; succ. father as 2nd baronet 7 Aug 1783; of Hawkstone, Shropshire; engaged in controversy with Archdeacon Daubeny 1798-9 and with Bishop Tomline of Lincoln 1803; author, religious pamphlets; d. unm. 25 Nov 1808. DNB.

LENNOX, LORD WILLIAM PITT, brother of Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond (qv); b. 20 Sep 1799; adm. 18 Jul 1808; gazetted Cornet, Royal Horse Guards 13 May 1813, while still at school; left 1813; attaché to Duke of Wellington on embassy to Paris 8 Aug 1814; Lieut., 3 Nov 1814; on Sir Peregrine Maitland’s staff 1815; present at his mother’s memorable ball on eve of battle of Waterloo; ADC to Duke of Wellington 1815-8; Capt., 22 Mar 1822; retd. 25 Mar 1829; MP (Whig) King’s Lynn 1831-4; devoted to horse racing and private theatricals; contributor to periodicals; author, Percy Hamilton, or the Adventures of a Westminster Boy, 1851, and other novels and volumes of recollections, containing allusions to his school career; m. 1st, 7 May 1824 (div. 1831) Mary Anne Paton, singer, eldest dau. of George Paton, The High School, Edinburgh; m. 2nd, 1854 Ellen, dau. of John Smith; m. 3rd, 17 Nov 1863 Maria Jane, eldest dau. of Rev. Capel Molyneux, Vicar of St. Paul’s, Onslow Square, Kensington; d. 18 Feb 1881. DNB.